2nd Year Physics Guess Paper 2026 PDF (All Punjab Board)

2nd year physics guess paper 2026 is for Punjab board. 12th class physics guess paper 2026 includes chapter-wise important questions. The important questions for physics class 12 have been given here. The important short questions and long questions guess paper can be downloaded in PDF.

Also see: 2nd year all subjects guess papers 2026

Chapter 12: Electrostatics

Important Short Questions:

• State Coulomb’s Law and give its formula.
• Write the properties of electric field lines. Electric lines of force never cross. Why?
• What is a capacitor? Also define capacitance and its SI unit.
• Define electron volt and electric potential. Prove that 1 eV = 1.6 x 10^-19 J.
• State Gauss’s law and give its expression.
• Write two differences between gravitational force and Coulomb’s electrostatic force.
• How can you identify which plate of a capacitor is positively charged?
• Do electrons tend to go to regions of high potential or low potential? 

Important Long Questions:

• What is an electric field? Find the electric field intensity due to an infinite sheet of charge.
• Find electric potential at a point due to a point charge.
• State and explain Gauss’s Law. Apply it to find electric intensity between two oppositely charged parallel plates. 
• Derive an expression for the energy stored in a charged capacitor. 

Chapter 13: Current Electricity

Important Short Questions:

• What is drift velocity? Define temperature coefficient of resistance.
• Why should the resistance of an ammeter be very low and a voltmeter be high?
• What is shunt resistance? How is a galvanometer converted into an ammeter?
• Do bends in a wire affect its electrical resistance?
• Why is a potentiometer an accurate measuring instrument?
• What is the principle of a Wheatstone bridge?
• What are the negative coefficients of temperature? Why does the resistance of a conductor rise with temperature?
• Write the difference between emf and terminal potential difference. Why does terminal potential difference decrease when current is drawn? (Added from Past Papers)

Important Long Questions:

• Write a note on Wheatstone bridge.
• Define electric power. Derive an expression for the power dissipated in a resistor.
• What is a voltmeter? How is a galvanometer converted into a voltmeter?
• State and explain Kirchhoff’s rules (1st and 2nd rules) in detail. 

Chapter 14: Electromagnetism

Important Short Questions:

• How is the electron beam generated in a CRO? Give uses of CRO.
• Why does the picture on a TV screen become distorted when a magnet is brought near it?
• Why is the charged particle projected perpendicular to the magnetic field?
• What is deflecting couple? How is it used?
• A charged particle moves in a straight line through some region of space; is the magnetic field in the region zero?
• State Ampere’s Law and write its formula. 
• How can you use a magnetic field to separate isotopes of a chemical element? 
• What is the current sensitivity of a galvanometer?

Important Long Questions:

• A power line 100m high carries a current of 200A. Find the magnetic field of the wire at the ground.
• A solenoid 15.0 cm long has 300 turns of wire. A current of 5.0A flows through it. What is the magnitude of the magnetic field inside the solenoid?
• Describe the principle, construction, and working of a moving coil galvanometer.
• Determine the e/m value of an electron. (Added from Past Papers)

Chapter 15: Electromagnetic Induction

Important Short Questions:

• Define Lenz’s law and give its expression. Does the induced emf always act to decrease the magnetic flux? 
• Define motional emf and give its expression.
• Show that ε and ΔΦ/Δt have the same units.
• Can a D.C motor be turned into a D.C generator? How?
• Write the causes of power dissipation in transformers. How can the efficiency of a transformer be improved?
• Define self-induction and mutual induction. Give their units. Name the factors upon which mutual inductance depends. 
• What is the relation between back emf of motors and current? Why does the motor draw more current when overloaded?

Important Long Questions:

• An ideal step-down transformer is connected to a main supply of 240 V. It is desired to operate a 12V, 30-watt lamp. Find the current in the primary and transformational ratio.
• Describe the principle, construction, and working of an A.C and D.C generator.
• A solenoid has 250 turns and its self-inductance is 204 mH. What is the flux through each turn when the current is 2 A?
• Derive an expression for the energy stored in an inductor and also for the energy density.
• What is Motional EMF? Derive its mathematical relation. 

Chapter 16: Alternating Current

Important Short Questions:

• Why can D.C not flow through a capacitor?
• What is meant by A.M and F.M? Differentiate between amplitude modulation and frequency modulation.
• Define the following: (i) inductor (ii) choke (iii) impedance.
• How does doubling the frequency affect the working of an inductor and a capacitor?
• In A.C, the power P = I²R = VI. In what circumstances does it hold true?
• What is the main advantage of a three-phase supply?
• Define resonance frequency. Write its formula. 

Important Long Questions:

• Describe A.C through an inductor.
• Find the value of the current flowing through a capacitance of 0.5 μF when connected to a source of 150 V at 50 Hz.
• Describe series and parallel RLC resonance circuits in detail.

Chapter 17: Physics of Solids

Important Short Questions:

• Distinguish between polymeric, crystalline, and amorphous solids.
• What is meant by strain energy? How can it be determined from the force-extension graph?
• Define the following: (i) strain (ii) stress (iii) superconductor.
• What are superconductors? Write their uses. 
• What is meant by para, dia, and ferromagnetic substances? Give examples of each.
• What is meant by hysteresis loss? How is it used in the construction of a transformer?
• Differentiate between ductile and brittle substances. (Added from Past Papers)

Important Long Questions:

• Explain the mechanical and magnetic properties of solids.
• What is Energy Band Theory? Distinguish between insulators, conductors, and semiconductors based on this theory. 
• A 1.0 m copper wire is subjected to a stretching force and its length increases by 20 cm. Calculate the tensile strain and the percent elongation.

Chapter 18: Electronics

Important Short Questions:

• What is the net charge on an n-type or p-type substance?
• Why do ordinary silicon diodes not emit light?
• Distinguish between intrinsic and extrinsic semiconductors.
• Why is the base current in a transistor very small?
• Define rectification and draw a circuit diagram for a half-wave rectifier.
• The inputs of a gate are 1 and 0. Identify the gate if its output is (a) 0, (b) 1.
• What is an operational amplifier? Give its characteristics.
• Define open-loop gain of an operational amplifier.

Important Long Questions:

• What are semiconductors? Discuss the formation of P-type and N-type materials with a diagram.
• What is an operational amplifier? Discuss operational amplifier as an inverting and non-inverting amplifier. Calculate its gain.
• Discuss the transistor as an amplifier. 
• Calculate the gain of an amplifier in which collector resistance RC is 5kΩ. Input resistance is 2.5 kΩ and β = 100.

Chapter 19: Dawn of Modern Physics

Important Short Questions:

• We do not notice the de Broglie wavelength for a pitched cricket ball. Explain why?
• When does light behave as a wave? When does it behave as a particle? (Wave-particle duality)
• What is threshold frequency and work function?
• What is the minimum energy required to eject an electron from the metal surface?
• What are the advantages of an electron microscope over an optical microscope?
• Why don’t we observe the Compton Effect with visible light?
• What is the uncertainty principle?
• What happens to total radiation from a blackbody if its absolute temperature is doubled? 

Important Long Questions:

• Write a note on the photoelectric effect and Einstein’s explanation.
• Discuss the Compton Effect in detail. 
• Discuss the structure and working of an electron microscope.
• An electron is accelerated through a potential difference of 50 V. Calculate de Broglie wavelengths.

Chapter 20: Atomic Spectra

Important Short Questions:

• Is energy conserved when an atom emits a photon of light?
• What do we mean when we say that the atom is excited?
• What are the advantages of laser over ordinary light?
• What is the speed of an electron in the first Bohr orbit?
• How are X-rays produced? Give characteristics of X-rays.
• Differentiate between continuous and characteristic X-rays. 
• What is meant by spontaneous and stimulated emission?
• Explain why laser action could not occur without population inversion.

Important Long Questions:

• Describe Bohr’s postulates of the hydrogen atom. Quantized radii and energy.
• Explain the working principle of a laser and its uses in medicine and industry.
• Discuss the production and properties of X-Rays. (Added from Past Papers)

Chapter 21: Nuclear Physics

Important Short Questions:

• Why are heavy nuclei unstable?
• A particle which produces more ionization is less penetrating. Why?
• What factors make a fusion reaction difficult to achieve?
• Give two uses of radioactivity in medicine.
• What is meant by background radiations? Give its sources.
• Distinguish between nucleon number and atomic number.
• Define mass defect and binding energy. 
• What is meant by half-life?
• What are quarks? 

Important Long Questions:

• Define isotopes and describe a mass spectrograph to separate different isotopes of an element.
• Describe Wilson cloud chamber and Geiger-Muller counter to detect radiation.
• Explain Radioactivity and discuss Alpha, Beta, and Gamma decay in detail. 
• Radiations from a point obey the inverse square law. If the count rate at a distance of 1.0 m from a Geiger counter is 360 counts per minute, what will be its count rate at 3.0 meters?